The **Federal Reserve Bank of New York (New York Fed)**, established in 1914 under the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, is the most influential and largest of the twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in the United States[1][6]. Located at 33 Liberty Street in Lower Manhattan, it serves the Second Federal Reserve District, which includes New York State, parts of Connecticut and New Jersey, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands[8]. The New York Fed operates as the central bank’s key operational arm, executing the Federal Reserve System’s monetary policy, supervising and regulating financial institutions, and fostering the stability and efficiency of the nation’s financial and payment systems[7]. Historically, the New York Fed was led by Benjamin Strong Jr., who shaped modern central banking by pioneering open market operations and liquidity support during the 1920s, influencing both U.S. and global financial stability until his death in 1928[1][6]. The bank’s early prominence was asserted by prominent financiers like J.P. Morgan to ensure its commanding role in the Federal Reserve System[1]. The iconic Federal Reserve Bank of New York building, constructed from 1919 to 1924 with extensions in 1935, symbolizes the bank’s stature and operational importance[2][5]. A notable achievement of the New York Fed is its role as the primary executor of open market operations, which are crucial for controlling money supply and interest rates, underpinning U.S. monetary policy. It also manages the largest gold vault globally, safeguarding gold reserves for central banks and international institutions[5]. The New York Fed’s leadership continues to impact economic policy, with John C. Williams serving as its current president since 2018[9]. In sum, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is a cornerstone institution in American and global finance, balancing historic legacy with modern technological and policy challenges to maintain economic stability and foster financial innovation.